http://stackoverflow.com/a/18285486/3719366
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extent_(file_systems)
From what I've read so far the only mention of a specific data structure that is meant for storage on disk is B-tree. What would some of the other (commonly used or interesting) data structures be that were designed for efficient representation on disk?
Also, does anyone have suggestions (books, papers, code) that might help me further my understanding in this area?