I came across this table <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chord_(music)#Examples> that breaks down the composition of chords logically. I was reminded of a bitmask, so I translated each chord into a 12–bit bitmask with a bit for each distinct note letter name (e.g. “C” or “B♭”). Decoding binary was involved in interfacing with MIDI … that might have been the inspiration — regardless, a bitmask seems ideal for this purpose.

The most challenging part by far was the logic that determines whether say, “A♯/B♭” (which are considered to be the same note in the 12–tone chromatic scale) should be rendered as “A♯” or “B♭”. As best as I understand, this depends on key signature context, and the logic regarding this isn’t well-described. I settled on finding the diatonic scale (7–note) that contains the maximum number of notes that the chord also contains. That diatonic scale provides the context for the note letter names. This logic isn’t perfect yet — the scales that include double flats and double sharps (which I wasn’t previously aware of) still provide ambiguous results.