An “inner life” is only possible if a system can keep complex informational states alive against noise and decay. That calls for heavy-duty feedback loops that move a lot of information quickly. Architecture is the key variable here, not what the parts are made of.

2.EUKARYOTES VS PROKARYOTES

Prokaryotic cells are simple: almost no internal compartments, minimal cytoskeleton, few parallel channels for signalling.

Eukaryotic cells are different: they have membrane-bound organelles, a dense microtubule lattice, fast calcium signalling, and molecular motors hauling cargo at nanometre-scale “LAN speeds.” Those features create far broader internal bandwidth and far more room for nested feedback loops. In other words, eukaryotes supply the minimum wiring diagram for “proto-conscious” dynamics; prokaryotes don’t.

3.ONE NEURON’S INTERNAL BANDWIDTH VS BETWEEN-NEURON LINKS

Inside a single neuron, microtubule transport, dendritic electrical spread and calcium waves give you gigabit-class complexity (figuratively).

Between neurons, chemical synapses dribble info at millisecond time-steps. Electrical gap junctions are faster but rare. The upshot: a neuron’s private world is rich, yet knitting thousands of such private worlds together is bottlenecked at the synapse.

4.POSSIBLE WAYS CELLS OVERCOME THE BOTTLENECK

– Gap junctions: direct electrical bridges between neighbouring neurons.

– Glia–neuron signalling: astrocytes coordinate local rhythms and plasticity.

– Extracellular electric fields: weak but widespread fields that let groups of neurons phase-lock.

– Speculative microtubule or other quantum-scale effects: controversial but testable.

5.A FALSIFIABLE EXPERIMENT SET

Select each mechanism, perturb it, and watch consciousness-linked read-outs.

• Block gap junctions with carbenoxolone and track EEG gamma power plus behaviour.

• Silence astrocyte calcium with optogenetics and measure the same markers.

• Scramble local field potentials with focused AC stimulation and test cognition.

• Destabilise microtubules with colchicine (or stabilise with taxol) while monitoring anaesthetic dose needed to knock the subject out.

Sham and known anaesthetic controls let you gauge real effect sizes.

6.TAKE-AWAYS FOR BUILDERS AND THEORISTS

• Conscious integration scales with bandwidth and nested feedback, not with carbon vs silicon.

• Eukaryotic complexity seems like the floor for any system hoping to sustain proto-conscious loops.

• Synapses are only part of the story; ignoring non-synaptic channels may leave a lot of integration power on the table.

If even one non-synaptic pathway proves essential, we’ll need to expand our models of how consciousness really works—and rethink how we design brain-inspired hardware. Comments, critiques, and replication ideas are welcome.