Today you can set:
go env -w GOTOOLCHAIN=go1.21.1+auto
And it will download Go 1.21.1 (if you haven't already) and use that as the default toolchain. When you want to update to 1.21.2 (or 1.22 later on) just update the go env -w command, no need to download and install the Go binaries again.
For more details:
Blog post: https://go.dev/blog/toolchain
Doc: https://go.dev/doc/toolchain