Moving it to us-east-1 must have put it on AWS us-east-1’s internal network.
This cut MySQL query time from 80-100ms per query to 1-10ms per query, improving server response time by 10-20x per page.
I found this information mentioned in one Stack Overflow comment, but nowhere explicitly on Heroku's website.
There is some information on their website about how to find that information indirectly if you know you should be looking for it, but it requires you to use the CLI: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/regions